Īfter the 19th Amendment was ratified, Paul enrolled at two law schools, taking day and evening classes to finish more quickly. Her dissertation was entitled 'The Legal Position of Women in Pennsylvania' it discussed the history of the women's movement in Pennsylvania and the rest of the U.S., and urged woman suffrage as the key issue of the day. After returning from England in 1910, she continued her studies at the University of Pennsylvania, earning a Ph.D. Paul was arrested repeatedly during suffrage demonstrations and served three jail terms.

When she later moved to London to study sociology and economics at the London School of Economics, she joined the militant suffrage group the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) led by Christabel and her mother, Emmeline Pankhurst. She first heard Christabel Pankhurst speak at Birmingham. She continued her studies at the Woodbrooke Quaker Study Centre in Birmingham, England, and took economics classes from the University of Birmingham, while continuing to earn money doing social work. Paul then earned a Master of Arts from the University of Pennsylvania in 1907, after completing coursework in political science, sociology and economics. you couldn't change the situation by social work.' While working on settlement activities taught her about the need to right injustice in America, Paul soon decided that social work was not the way she was to achieve this goal: 'I knew in a very short time I was never going to be a social worker, because I could see that social workers were not doing much good in the world. Partly in order to avoid going into teaching work, Paul completed a fellowship year at a settlement house in New York City after her graduation, living on the Lower East Side at the Rivington Street Settlement House. She graduated from Swarthmore College with a bachelor's degree in biology in 1905. While attending Swarthmore, Paul served as a member on the Executive Board of Student Government, one experience which may have sparked her eventual excitement for political activism.

In 1901, she went to Swarthmore College, an institution co-founded by her grandfather. Paul attended Moorestown Friends School, where she graduated at the top of her class. Alice Paul first learned about women's suffrage from her mother, a member of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and would sometimes join her mother in attending suffragist meetings. She grew up in the Quaker tradition of public service. Her ancestors included participants in the New Jersey Committee of Correspondence in the Revolutionary era and a state legislative leader in the 19th century. She was a descendant of William Penn, the Quaker founder of Pennsylvania. Her siblings were Willam Mickle Paul II (1886–1958), Helen Paul Shearer (1889–1971), and Parry Haines Paul (1895–1956). She was a namesake for Alice Stokes (1821–1889), her maternal grandmother and the wife of William Parry (1817–1888).

2.3 Prison, hunger strikes, passage of 19th AmendmentĪlice Stokes Paul was born on Januto William Mickle Paul I (1850–1902) and Tacie Parry Paul (1859–1930) at Paulsdale, Mount Laurel Township, New Jersey.

2.1.2 Civil disobedience and hunger strikes.

2.1.1 Early work in British woman suffrage.

She won a large degree of success with the inclusion of women as a group protected against discrimination by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 alongside legal scholar Pauli Murray. She was jailed under terrible conditions in 1917 for her participation in a Silent Sentinels protest in front of the White House, as she had been several times during earlier efforts to secure the vote for women in England.Īfter 1920, Paul spent a half century as leader of the National Woman's Party, which fought for the Equal Rights Amendment, written by Paul and Crystal Eastman, to secure constitutional equality for women. Paul often suffered police brutality and other physical abuse for her activism, always responding with nonviolence and courage. Paul initiated, and along with Lucy Burns and others, strategized events such as the Woman Suffrage Procession and the Silent Sentinels, which were part of the successful campaign that resulted in the amendment's passage in 1920. Constitution, which prohibits sex discrimination in the right to vote. Westfield Friends Burial Ground, Cinnaminson, New Jersey, U.S.Īlice Stokes Paul (Janu– July 9, 1977) was an American Quaker, suffragist, feminist, and women's rights activist, and one of the main leaders and strategists of the campaign for the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S.

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